Transport Refrigeration moving to lower GWP fluorocarbon refrigerants

Most refrigerated transport currently uses non-flammable refrigerants. Safety standards for refrigerated road transport (EN 17893:2024) and refrigerated containers or reefers (ISO 20854:2019) provide frameworks for the use of flammable refrigerants with regard to design and operation. Low GWP A2L refrigerant options with lower energy consumption designs are now available for reefers and refrigerated road transport (semi-trailers).  

Compared to non-flammable R-452A (GWP 2140) widely used in road transport, newly introduced as standard, A2L mildly flammable low GWP R-454A (GWP 237) reduces GWP by 89%, and the refrigeration system is reported to be characterised by up to 6% higher cooling capacity and up to 10% lower fuel consumption compared with the previous model, due to a newly developed, hermetic 2-stage reciprocating compressor. The design significantly reduces maintenance and repair costs in the refrigeration circuit. In addition, the reduced noise development - especially in partial load operation - ensures more comfort in the truck cab. The company stated it is responding early to the stricter EU F-gas Regulation and emphasised its commitment to low-emission transport solutions. Explanatory note: Non-flammable R-452A had earlier replaced R-404A (GWP 3922) as it has a good match of properties and discharge temperature.   

A new refrigeration unit (reefer) is reported to deliver advanced, reliable, and sustainable performance for shipping lines. It has a next-generation evaporator, enhanced compressor, and electronic expansion valve which support lower energy consumption, reduced maintenance, and increased efficiency. The unit is reported to be compatible with current and evolving refrigerant regulations, including readiness for R-1234yf. Marine durability, precise temperature control and compatibility with controlled atmosphere technology support energy-efficient operations and reliable cargo protection. 

Sources  FleetPoint, RefIndustry and manufacturers information  

Explanatory note F-gas regulation 2024/573 requirements for transport refrigeration: There are no specific GWP limits for transport refrigeration in Annex IV, although, the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases, with a global warming potential of 2500 (e.g. R-404A) or more, for the maintenance or servicing of any refrigeration equipment is prohibited (Art. 13 para 3).  Leak check requirements (Art. 5) apply to refrigeration units of refrigerated trucks and refrigerated trailers and, from 12 March 2027 to refrigeration units of refrigerated light-duty vehicles, intermodal containers, including reefers, and train wagons. By 1 July 2027, the Commission shall publish a report assessing whether cost-effective, technically feasible, energy- efficient and reliable alternatives exist, which make the replacement of fluorinated greenhouse gases possible in mobile refrigeration (Art. 35).