In our 2018 year-end review we noted three challenges for the HFC sector under the F-Gas Regulation – illegal imports, market bans for high GWP refrigerants and supporting recycling and destruction to increase refrigerant availability and minimise emissions. It is becoming increasingly clear from recent reports that these appear to be interlinked. Measures…
R-32, a mildly flammable (A2L) lower GWP refrigerant, is widely used in the EU and Asia as an alternative to R-410A for residential and commercial air-conditioning ranges. However, other lower GWP mildly or non-flammable fluorocarbon alternatives to R-410A are reported as being selected or evaluated for some air-conditioning applications. A very low…
Free cooling can eliminate the requirement for mechanical cooling when ambient conditions allow. For some systems mechanical pumping of the refrigerant or fluid is still required to achieve the cooling effect. The design of the R-32 chiller enables natural refrigerant circulation without mechanical pumps, further reducing energy consumption when operating in free…
Non-flammable R-134a is widely used for heat pump tumble dryers providing reduced energy consumption of up to 50% compared to condenser dryers. A dryer manufacturer is replacing R-134a with non-flammable R-450A which it states is a near drop-in replacement for R-134a, and enabled a quick and easy changeover with…
Now that HFOs are becoming more widely used in the EU, very low atmospheric concentrations (typically below 1 ppt parts per trillion) can be detected [1]. Background concentrations at end of 2017 for 3 HFOs/HCFOs are less than 0.1 ppt [2]. The HFOs have similar safety and technical properties to the HFCs,…
This month Angelica Candido started at Euro Chlor as Cefic Sector Group Manager for the ECSA and EFCTC Sector Groups. Previously she worked as a toxicologist for Penman Consulting, where she managed and coordinated EU chemical registrations under REACH/CLP regulation (and occasionally non-EU) and related…
REVISED AND UPDATED WEBPAGES: The Applications for HFCs and HFOs (including HCFOs) are being updated to take account of the increasing use of lower GWP fluorocarbon refrigerants. See : Applications section and: