EFCTC members developed and now produce HFOs, and designed HFO/HFC blends having a range of properties making them suitable for various applications. The first HFO Conference shows just how far the understanding and use of HFOs has progressed since they were first proposed about 15 years ago. Their good balance of safety and environmental properties…
R-454A, a HFO/HFC A2L refrigerant, with a GWP of 239, has been selected for European portable coldstores. Other refrigerants such as CO2, hydrocarbons or ammonia proved unsuitable for this project because of equipment unavailability and complexity, high flammability or toxicity risks. This led to the selection of R-454A, which has a GWP 94%…
A new HFO polyurethane foam insulation solution for refrigerated cold-drink vending machines helps meet the more stringent Energy Star version 4.0 (USA energy consumption standard) and also delivers weight reduction and improves thermal insulation. The custom-formulated polyurethane insulation solution’s mechanical properties, flow and curing profile reportedly delivered a 10% thermal insulation improvement and a…
A high temperature heat pump, which works with HFO-1336mzz(Z) as refrigerant can generate heat up to 160°C from waste heat and other low-temperature heat sources, avoiding the use of fossil fuel energy sources. The system offers heating capacities up to 200 kW with high coefficient of performance (COPs) at high-temperature lifts. HFO-1336mzz(Z) is an…
The expansion of Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) district cooling plant has been achieved by the installation of six centrifugal chillers which used HFO based next-generation, low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. District cooling systems have become an integral part of planning and designing modern buildings in Dubai, with an awareness of the importance of…
HVAC standards, such as EN-378, use refrigerant flammability and toxicity properties safety properties to define refrigerant classifications and practical limits for systems for different access categories. Refrigerant charge limits are defined based on the lowest charge determined from the flammability and toxicity data. A wide range of flammability properties (see below) have been investigated due…